How important is the Golan Heights that Israel has repeatedly wanted to 'annex'?
How important is the Golan Heights that Israel has repeatedly wanted to 'annex'?
On the 15th, the Israeli Prime Minister's Office issued a statement saying that the Israeli government approved a plan worth approximately $11 million aimed at expanding Jewish settlements and doubling the population of the occupied Golan Heights. What is the significance of the Golan Heights to Israel?
On December 8th, after the dramatic changes in the situation in Syria, Israel quickly sent troops to occupy the military buffer zone in the Golan Heights that was originally controlled by Syria.
The Golan Heights is located at the border of Israel, Syria, and Lebanon, with an area of approximately over 1000 square kilometers. The strategic position is very important, especially its high point is Mount Hermon, with an altitude of over 2800 meters. Mount Hermon overlooks the important water source of Galilee in Israel to the south, and is only 40 kilometers north of the Syrian capital Damascus.
In the Third Middle East War in June 1967, Israel occupied the entire Golan Heights. However, in the Fourth Middle East War, the Syrian army attacked the Golan Heights, and in the post-war arrangements of 1974, Syria controlled a narrow strip of land along the Syrian side of the Golan Heights, including the summit of Mount Hermon, while Israel controlled the western and southern slopes of Mount Hermon. This situation persisted until the Syrian upheaval on December 8th. In 1981, the Israeli parliament passed a bill declaring the Golan Heights as Israeli territory, but no country in the world recognized it. In March 2019, then US President Trump recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights, which sparked widespread attention and controversy in the international community.
This time, Israel sent troops to occupy the buffer zone of the Golan Heights, which was previously controlled by Syria, and immediately decided to double the population of the Golan Heights. The main intention was to take advantage of the internal crisis in Syria to create a fait accompli and ultimately achieve the goal of completely annexing the Golan Heights. The move by the Israeli military has been widely condemned, including by Arab countries. The United States also had to step forward to defend Israel, claiming that Israel's actions were only temporary preventive measures. But Israel's move has created new difficult factors for Syria, which is undergoing tremendous changes, and for the future relationship between Syria and Israel.